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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">AI@50</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host country</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">Worldwide</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>AI@50</b>, formally known as the "<b>Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years</b>" (July 13–15, 2006), was a conference organized by <a href="James_H._Moor" title="James H. Moor">James H. Moor</a>, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the <a href="Dartmouth_workshop" title="Dartmouth workshop">Dartmouth workshop</a> which effectively inaugurated the <a href="History_of_artificial_intelligence" title="History of artificial intelligence">history of artificial intelligence</a>. Five of the original ten attendees were present: <a href="Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a>, <a href="Ray_Solomonoff" title="Ray Solomonoff">Ray Solomonoff</a>, <a href="Oliver_Selfridge" title="Oliver Selfridge">Oliver Selfridge</a>, <a href="Trenchard_More" title="Trenchard More">Trenchard More</a>, and <a href="John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While sponsored by <a href="Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, <a href="General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, and the Frederick Whittemore Foundation, a $200,000 grant from the <a href="DARPA" title="DARPA">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)</a> called for a report of the proceedings that would:

</p>

<ul><li>Analyze progress on AI's original challenges during the first 50 years, and assess whether the challenges were "easier" or "harder" than originally thought and why</li>

<li>Document what the AI@50 participants believe are the major research and development challenges facing this field over the next 50 years, and identify what breakthroughs will be needed to meet those challenges</li>

<li>Relate those challenges and breakthroughs against developments and trends in other areas such as control theory, signal processing, information theory, statistics, and optimization theory.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>A summary report by the conference director, <a href="James_H._Moor" title="James H. Moor">James H. Moor</a>, was published in <a href="AI_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="AI Magazine">AI Magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conference_Program_and_links_to_published_papers">Conference Program and links to published papers</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="James_H._Moor" title="James H. Moor">James H. Moor</a>, conference Director, Introduction</li>

<li><a href="Carol_Folt" title="Carol Folt">Carol Folt</a> and Barry Scherr, Welcome<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Carey Heckman, Tonypandy and the Origins of Science</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AI:_Past,_Present,_Future">AI: Past, Present, Future</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a>, What Was Expected, What We Did, and AI Today</li>

<li><a href="Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a>, <a href="The_Emotion_Machine" title="The Emotion Machine">The Emotion Machine</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_Model_of_Thinking">The Future Model of Thinking</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Ron_Brachman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Brachman">Ron Brachman</a> and <a href="Hector_Levesque" title="Hector Levesque">Hector Levesque</a>, A Large Part of Human Thought</li>

<li><a href="David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a>, What is the Right Model for 'Thought'?</li>

<li><a href="Stuart_J._Russell" title="Stuart J. Russell">Stuart Russell</a>, The Approach of Modern AI<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_Network_Models">The Future of Network Models</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> & Simon Osindero, From Pandemonium to Graphical Models and Back Again</li>

<li>Rick Granger, From Brain Circuits to Mind Manufacture</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_Learning_&_Search">The Future of Learning & Search</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Oliver_Selfridge" title="Oliver Selfridge">Oliver Selfridge</a>, Learning and Education for Software: New Approaches in Machine Learning</li>

<li><a href="Ray_Solomonoff" title="Ray Solomonoff">Ray Solomonoff</a>, Machine Learning — Past and Future <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Leslie_Pack_Kaelbling" class="mw-redirect" title="Leslie Pack Kaelbling">Leslie Pack Kaelbling</a>, Learning to be Intelligent</li>

<li><a href="Peter_Norvig" title="Peter Norvig">Peter Norvig</a>, Web Search as a Product of and Catalyst for AI</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_AI">The Future of AI</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Rod_Brooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rod Brooks">Rod Brooks</a>, Intelligence and Bodies</li>

<li><a href="Nils_John_Nilsson" title="Nils John Nilsson">Nils Nilsson</a>, Routes to the Summit</li>

<li><a href="Eric_Horvitz" title="Eric Horvitz">Eric Horvitz</a>, In Pursuit of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections on Challenges and Trajectories</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_Vision">The Future of Vision</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Eric_Grimson" title="Eric Grimson">Eric Grimson</a>, Intelligent Medical Image Analysis: Computer Assisted Surgery and Disease Monitoring</li>

<li><a href="Takeo_Kanade" title="Takeo Kanade">Takeo Kanade</a>, Artificial Intelligence Vision: Progress and Non-Progress</li>

<li><a href="Terry_Sejnowski" title="Terry Sejnowski">Terry Sejnowski</a>, A Critique of Pure Vision</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_Reasoning">The Future of Reasoning</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Alan_Bundy" title="Alan Bundy">Alan Bundy</a>, Constructing, Selecting and Repairing Representations of Knowledge</li>

<li><a href="Edwina_Rissland" title="Edwina Rissland">Edwina Rissland</a>, The Exquisite Centrality of Examples</li>

<li><a href="Bart_Selman" title="Bart Selman">Bart Selman</a>, The Challenge and Promise of Automated Reasoning</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_Language_and_Cognition">The Future of Language and Cognition</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Trenchard_More" title="Trenchard More">Trenchard More</a> The Birth of Array Theory and Nial</li>

<li><a href="Eugene_Charniak" title="Eugene Charniak">Eugene Charniak</a>, Why Natural Language Processing is Now Statistical Natural Language Processing</li>

<li>Pat Langley, Intelligent Behavior in Humans and Machines <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Future_of_the_Future">The Future of the Future</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a>, Why We Can Be Confident of Turing Test Capability Within a Quarter Century <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="George_Cybenko" title="George Cybenko">George Cybenko</a>, The Future Trajectory of AI</li>

<li>Charles J. Holland, DARPA's Perspective</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AI_and_Games">AI and Games</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Jonathan_Schaeffer" title="Jonathan Schaeffer">Jonathan Schaeffer</a>, Games as a Test-bed for Artificial Intelligence Research</li>

<li><a href="Danny_Kopec" title="Danny Kopec">Danny Kopec</a>, Chess and AI</li>

<li><a href="Junior_(chess_program)" title="Junior (chess program)">Shay Bushinsky</a>, Principle Positions in Deep Junior's Development</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_Interactions_with_Intelligent_Machines">Future Interactions with Intelligent Machines</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Daniela_Rus" title="Daniela Rus">Daniela Rus</a>, Making Bodies Smart</li>

<li><a href="Sherry_Turkle" title="Sherry Turkle">Sherry Turkle</a>, From Building Intelligences to Nurturing Sensibilities</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_Submitted_Papers:_Future_Strategies_for_AI">Selected Submitted Papers: Future Strategies for AI</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="J._Storrs_Hall" title="J. Storrs Hall">J. Storrs Hall</a>, Self-improving AI: An Analysis<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Selmer_Bringsjord" title="Selmer Bringsjord">Selmer Bringsjord</a>, The Logicist Manifesto<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Vincent C. Müller, Is There a Future for AI Without Representation?<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Kristinn_R._Th%C3%B3risson" title="Kristinn R. Thórisson">Kristinn R. Thórisson</a>, Integrated A.I. Systems<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_Submitted_Papers:_Future_Possibilities_for_AI">Selected Submitted Papers: Future Possibilities for AI</h3></div>

<ul><li>Eric Steinhart, Survival as a Digital Ghost<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Colin T. A. Schmidt, Did You Leave That 'Contraption' Alone With Your Little Sister?<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Michael Anderson & Susan Leigh Anderson, The Status of Machine Ethics<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Marcello Guarini, Computation, Coherence, and Ethical Reasoning<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFNilsson2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Nils_John_Nilsson" title="Nils John Nilsson">Nilsson, Nils J.</a> (2009). <i>The Quest for Artificial Intelligence</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-12293-1</bdi>.</cite> pp. 80-81</span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMoor2006" class="citation journal cs1">Moor, James (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1911/1809">"The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AI Magazine</i>. <b>27</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">87–</span>91. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0738-4602">0738-4602</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLangley,_Pat2006" class="citation news cs1">Langley, Pat (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cll.stanford.edu/~langley/papers/ai50.dart.pdf">"Intelligent Behavior in Humans and Machines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKurzweil,_Ray2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Kurzweil, Ray</a> (14 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060810170545/http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=%2Farticles%2Fart0683.html">"Why We Can Be Confident of Turing Test Capability Within a Quarter Century"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0683.html">the original</a> on 10 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHall2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="J._Storrs_Hall" title="J. Storrs Hall">Hall, J. Stoors</a> (2007). "Self-improving AI: An Analysis". <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">249–</span>259. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9065-3">10.1007/s11023-007-9065-3</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15347250">15347250</a>. <q>Self-improvement was one of the aspects of AI proposed for study in the 1956 Dartmouth conference. Turing proposed a "child machine" which could be taught in the human manner to attain adult human-level intelligence. In latter days, the contention that an AI system could be built to learn and improve itself indefinitely has acquired the label of the bootstrap fallacy. Attempts in AI to implement such a system have met with consistent failure for half a century. Technological optimists, however, have maintained that a such system is possible, producing, if implemented, a feedback loop that would lead to a rapid exponential increase in intelligence. We examine the arguments for both positions and draw some conclusions.</q></cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mol-eng.com/bootstrap.pdf">Self-archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215182612/http://mol-eng.com/bootstrap.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-02-15 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBringsjord2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Selmer_Bringsjord" title="Selmer Bringsjord">Bringsjord, Selmer</a> (December 2008). "The Logicist Manifesto: At Long Last Let Logic-Based AI Become a Field Unto Itself". <i>Journal of Applied Logic</i>. <b>6</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">502–</span>525. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jal.2008.09.001">10.1016/j.jal.2008.09.001</a>. <q>This paper is a sustained argument for the view that logic-based AI should become a self-contained field, entirely divorced from paradigms that are currently still included under the AI "umbrella"—paradigms such as connectionism and the continuous systems approach. The paper includes a self-contained summary of logic-based AI, as well as rebuttals to a number of objections that will inevitably be brought against the declaration of independence herein expressed.</q></cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kryten.mm.rpi.edu/SB_LAI_Manifesto_091808.pdf">Self-archive</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2007" class="citation journal cs1">Müller, Vincent C. (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philarchive.org/rec/MLLITA">"Is There a Future for AI Without Representation?"</a>. <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">101–</span>115. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18955">2503.18955</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9067-1">10.1007/s11023-007-9067-1</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14355608">14355608</a>. <q>This paper investigates the prospects of Rodney Brooks' proposal for AI without representation. It turns out that the supposedly characteristic features of "new AI" (embodiment, situatedness, absence of reasoning, and absence of representation) are all present in conventional systems: "New AI" is just like old AI. Brooks proposal boils down to the architectural rejection of central control in intelligent agents—Which, however, turns out to be crucial. Some of more recent cognitive science suggests that we might do well to dispose of the image of intelligent agents as central representation processors. If this paradigm shift is achieved, Brooks' proposal for cognition without representation appears promising for full-blown intelligent agents—Though not for conscious agents.</q></cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typos.de/pdf/2007_AI_without_representation_M&M.pdf">Self-archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091117015852/http://www.typos.de/pdf/2007_AI_without_representation_M%26M.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-11-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThórisson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Thórisson, Kristinn R. (March 2007). "Integrated A.I. systems". <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>25. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9055-5">10.1007/s11023-007-9055-5</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21891058">21891058</a>. <q>The broad range of capabilities exhibited by humans and animals is achieved through a large set of heterogeneous, tightly integrated cognitive mechanisms. To move artificial systems closer to such general-purpose intelligence we cannot avoid replicating some subset—quite possibly a substantial portion—of this large set. Progress in this direction requires that systems integration be taken more seriously as a fundamental research problem. In this paper I make the argument that intelligence must be studied holistically. I present key issues that must be addressed in the area of integration and propose solutions for speeding up rate of progress towards more powerful, integrated A.I. systems, including (a) tools for building large, complex architectures, (b) a design methodology for building realtime A.I. systems and (c) methods for facilitating code sharing at the community level.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSteinhart2007" class="citation journal cs1">Steinhart, Eric (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philarchive.org/rec/STESAA">"Survival as a Digital Ghost"</a>. <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">261–</span>271. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9068-0">10.1007/s11023-007-9068-0</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2741620">2741620</a>. <q>You can survive after death in various kinds of artifacts. You can survive in diaries, photographs, sound recordings, and movies. But these artifacts record only superficial features of yourself. We are already close to the construction of programs that partially and approximately replicate entire human lives (by storing their memories and duplicating their personalities). A digital ghost is an artificially intelligent program that knows all about your life. It is an animated auto-biography. It replicates your patterns of belief and desire. You can survive after death in a digital ghost. We discuss a series of digital ghosts over the next 50 years. As time goes by and technology advances, they are progressively more perfect replicas of the lives of their original authors.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2007" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, Colin T. A. (October 2007). "Children, Robots and... the Parental Role". <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">273–</span>286. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9069-z">10.1007/s11023-007-9069-z</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6578298">6578298</a>. <q>The raison d'être of this article is that many a spry-eyed analyst of the works in intelligent computing and robotics fail to see the essential concerning applications development, that of expressing their ultimate goal. Alternatively, they fail to state it suitably for the lesser-informed public eye. The author does not claim to be able to remedy this. Instead, the visionary investigation offered couples learning and computing with other related fields as part of a larger spectre to fully simulate people in their embodied image. For the first time, the social roles attributed to the technical objects produced are questioned, and so with a humorous illustration.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonSusan_Leigh_Anderson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Michael; Susan Leigh Anderson (March 2007). "The status of machine ethics: a report from the AAAI Symposium". <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>10. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9053-7">10.1007/s11023-007-9053-7</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33329318">33329318</a>. <q>This paper is a summary and evaluation of work presented at the AAAI 2005 Fall Symposium on Machine Ethics that brought together participants from the fields of Computer Science and Philosophy to the end of clarifying the nature of this newly emerging field and discussing different approaches one could take towards realizing the ultimate goal of creating an ethical machine.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuarini2007" class="citation journal cs1">Guarini, Marcello (March 2007). "Computation, Coherence, and Ethical Reasoning". <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>17</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">27–</span>46. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-007-9056-4">10.1007/s11023-007-9056-4</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7794353">7794353</a>. <q>Theories of moral, and more generally, practical reasoning sometimes draw on the notion of coherence. Admirably, Paul Thagard has attempted to give a computationally detailed account of the kind of coherence involved in practical reasoning, claiming that it will help overcome problems in foundationalist approaches to ethics. The arguments herein rebut the alleged role of coherence in practical reasoning endorsed by Thagard. While there are some general lessons to be learned from the preceding, no attempt is made to argue against all forms of coherence in all contexts. Nor is the usefulness of computational modelling called into question. The point will be that coherence cannot be as useful in understanding moral reasoning as coherentists may think. This result has clear implications for the future of Machine Ethics, a newly emerging subfield of AI.</q></cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Eai50/homepage.html">Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years</a>. Official conference Web site.</li>

<li>James Moor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1911/1809">The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years</a>. AI Magazine 27:4 [2006]: 87–91. ISSN 0738-4602. Official conference report, with photos; freely available online PDF.</li>

<li><a href="Peter_Norvig" title="Peter Norvig">Peter Norvig</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pn.smugmug.com/Other-Events/AI50-Dartmouth-Conference/">Pictures from AI@50</a>. Photographs of conference presenters.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Dartmouth_College404" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College"><span style="color:white;">Dartmouth College</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">College</a></li>

<li><a href="Geisel_School_of_Medicine" title="Geisel School of Medicine">Medicine</a>

<ul><li><a href="The_Dartmouth_Institute_for_Health_Policy_and_Clinical_Practice" title="The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice">Health Policy and Clinical Practice</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Thayer_School_of_Engineering" title="Thayer School of Engineering">Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Tuck_School_of_Business" title="Tuck School of Business">Business</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green" title="Dartmouth Big Green"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_football" title="Dartmouth Big Green football">Football</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_men's_basketball" title="Dartmouth Big Green men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_women's_basketball" title="Dartmouth Big Green women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_men's_lacrosse" title="Dartmouth Big Green men's lacrosse">Lacrosse</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_men's_ice_hockey" title="Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey">Men's hockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_women's_ice_hockey" title="Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey">Women's ice hockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_men's_soccer" title="Dartmouth Big Green men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Rugby" title="Dartmouth Rugby">Rugby</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Big_Green_swimming_and_diving" title="Dartmouth Big Green swimming and diving">Swimming and diving</a></li>

<li><a href="Alumni_Gymnasium_(Dartmouth_College)" title="Alumni Gymnasium (Dartmouth College)">Alumni Gymnasium</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanover_Country_Club" title="Hanover Country Club">Hanover Country Club</a></li>

<li><a href="Leede_Arena" title="Leede Arena">Leede Arena</a></li>

<li><a href="Memorial_Field_(Dartmouth)" title="Memorial Field (Dartmouth)">Memorial Field</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_Rolfe_Field_at_Biondi_Park" title="Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park">Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Skiway" title="Dartmouth Skiway">Dartmouth Skiway</a></li>

<li><a href="Thompson_Arena" title="Thompson Arena">Thompson Arena</a></li>

<li><a href="Scully%E2%80%93Fahey_Field" title="Scully–Fahey Field">Scully–Fahey Field</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_division_football" title="Old division football">Old division football</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Campus_of_Dartmouth_College" title="Campus of Dartmouth College">List of buildings</a></li>

<li><a href="Baker-Berry_Library" title="Baker-Berry Library">Baker-Berry Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth%E2%80%93Hitchcock_Medical_Center" title="Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center">Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Green_(Dartmouth_College)" title="The Green (Dartmouth College)">The Green</a></li>

<li><a href="Hood_Museum_of_Art" title="Hood Museum of Art">Hood Museum of Art</a></li>

<li><a href="Hopkins_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Hopkins Center for the Arts">Hopkins Center for the Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Shattuck_Observatory" title="Shattuck Observatory">Shattuck Observatory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="Dartmouth_College_Greek_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth College Greek organizations"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Greek system</span></a><br> and societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Greeks: <a href="Dartmouth_College_Greek_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth College Greek organizations">ΑΔ</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_Greek_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth College Greek organizations">Tabard</a></li>

<ul><li>Senior societies: <a href="Dartmouth_College_student_groups#Abaris" title="Dartmouth College student groups">Abaris</a></li>

<li><a href="Casque_and_Gauntlet" title="Casque and Gauntlet">Casque and Gauntlet</a></li>

<li><a href="Dragon_Society" title="Dragon Society">Dragon</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire_and_Skoal" title="Fire and Skoal">Fire and Skoal</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_student_groups#Phrygian" title="Dartmouth College student groups">Phrygian</a></li>

<li><a href="Sphinx_(senior_society)" title="Sphinx (senior society)">Sphinx</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Dartmouth_College_v._Woodward" title="Dartmouth College v. Woodward">Dartmouth College v. Woodward</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Conferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth Conferences">Dartmouth Conferences</a></li>

<li><a href="1985%E2%80%931986_Dartmouth_College_anti-apartheid_protests" title="1985–1986 Dartmouth College anti-apartheid protests">1985–86 anti-apartheid protests</a></li>

<li><a href="2001_Dartmouth_College_murders" title="2001 Dartmouth College murders">2001 murders</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_University" title="Dartmouth University">Dartmouth University</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Hampshire_College_of_Agriculture_and_the_Mechanic_Arts" title="New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts">New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_College_Grant%2C_New_Hampshire" title="Second College Grant, New Hampshire">Second College Grant</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Board_of_Trustees_of_Dartmouth_College" title="Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College">Board of Trustees</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Dartmouth_College_alumni" title="List of Dartmouth College alumni">Alumni</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Dartmouth_College_faculty" title="List of Dartmouth College faculty">Faculty</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_presidents_of_Dartmouth_College" title="List of presidents of Dartmouth College">Presidents</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00693E;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>"<a href="Alma_Mater_(Dartmouth_College)" title="Alma Mater (Dartmouth College)">Alma Mater</a>"</li>

<li><a href="BlitzMail" title="BlitzMail">BlitzMail</a></li>

<li><a href="Keggy_the_Keg" title="Keggy the Keg">Keggy the Keg</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_traditions" title="Dartmouth College traditions">Traditions</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_student_groups" title="Dartmouth College student groups">Student groups</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Dartmouth_Aires" title="The Dartmouth Aires">The Dartmouth Aires</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Outing_Club" title="Dartmouth Outing Club">Dartmouth Outing Club</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_publications" title="Dartmouth College publications">Publications</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Dartmouth" title="The Dartmouth">The Dartmouth</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dartmouth_Jack-O-Lantern" title="Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern">Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Dartmouth_Review" title="The Dartmouth Review">The Dartmouth Review</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_Broadcasting" title="Dartmouth Broadcasting">Dartmouth Broadcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_student_groups#Dartmouth_Forensic_Union" title="Dartmouth College student groups">Dartmouth Forensic Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartmouth_College_Marching_Band" title="Dartmouth College Marching Band">Marching Band</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=AI%4050&oldid=1302123542">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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